Angelfish - Pomacanthidae | Underwater Asia

Family variety

There are 87 species of Angelfish. All are generally a similar shape with compressed bodies and pointed heads. They can vary considerably in size, colouration and markings.

Size

Angelfish vary a lot in size from the smallest pygmy species, which is fully grown at only 10cm to the large Six Banded Angelfish (Pomacanthus sexstriatus) that grow to 50cm.

Behaviour

In most species all individuals are born female, changing to male only if circumstances allow - such as when the previous male dies. They are shy fish, favouring overhangs and other dark spots close to the protection of the reef when foraging or resting.

With competitor species, Angelfish are territorial and will defend their homes aggressively if threatened. Juveniles are particularly secretive, rarely venturing far from the safety of a crevice or hole.

Distribution

Angelfish are present in all tropical oceans, but many seas have only one or two different species. The Indo-Pacific region has the largest variety of species.

Habitat

Angelfish are found on rich coral reefs. Some species prefer shallower sheltered reefs, while others thrive on current-washed outer reefs.

Diet

Depending on the species Angelfish feed on anything from algae and coral polyps to plankton and sponges.

Reproduction

Some species form mating pairs for life. In others, male Angelfish control and defend a territory which includes from 2 to 5 females. During seasonal mating eggs and sperm are released in to the water column. Juveniles of the larger species are beautifully patterned and very shy, often preferring reefs deeper than 15m.

Defences

Angelfish fish are very wary, tending to dart undercover at the slightest sign of danger.

Threats

Angelfish are highly prized for aquariums due to their brilliant colours. This trade puts some pressure on numbers in the wild.

Did You Know?

Angelfish and Butterflyfish are so similar they were once included in the same family.

Related reefspotter

angelfish

Intro

With spectacular markings, iridescent colours and incredible patterns, Angelfish are some of the most beautiful fish found on coral reefs. The larger species are especially majestic, with rich colours and an air of elegance.

They have a rounded and flattened body similar to their close relatives the Butterflyfish (Pomacentridae), but can usually be easily distinguished from their cousins by their larger size.

Juveniles can be completely different from the adults and often have even more irredescent patterns, but are very shy & tricky to spot.

Popular species 1

Emperor Angelfish

(Pomacanthus imperator)

One of the larger species, getting up to 40cm long. Easily recognised by its spectacular and distinct pattern. Juveniles of this species also have dazzling and unique markings.

Popular species 2

Blue-ringed Angelfish

(Pomacanhtus annularis)

Another of the larger spices, the blue markings on this stunning fish are iridescent and can reflect sunlight. Juveniles take their adult form at a smaller size than Emperor Angelfish and are very shy, making it unusual to encounter one on a dive.

Popular species 3

Blue-faced Angelfish

(Pomacanthus xanthometopon)

Beautiful and easily recognised by distinctive yellow eye mask and blue face. Usually solitary and feeds on sponges, selecting coral rich areas to live and feed.

Popular species

These colourful fish are a popular spot on any scuba dive. Keep a look out for these popular species.

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FACTFILE

SPECIES: 87

SIZE RANGE: 10-35 cm

DISTRIBUTION:

Global. The Indo-Pacific region has the largest variety of species.

HABITAT:

Most species on heavy coral growth, among boulders or caves. Some outer-reefs.

THREATS:

Highly prized for aquarium trade.

Identification tips

All members of the Angelfish family can be easily identified by the spine on bottom of their cheeks.
Small mouths with protruding lips are perfect for feeding on algae, soft invertebrates and sponges.
Markings often striking, incorporating bright blues, yellows and oranges.
Many species have a streamer like extension to the dorsal fin.
Like butterflyfish some species feature false eyes to confuse predators.
Bodies are disk shaped from the side giving a perfect view of their incredible colouration.

Angelfish - Pomacanthidae